Lima Orang Bhikkhu Pertama (Pañcavaggiya) dan Pembentukan Sang Tiratana (Tiga Permata)
Dua bulan setelah Pencerahan Agung beliau pada bulan purnama Ᾱsāḷhā (Juli; Sansekerta:
Āşādha), Sang Buddha mendatangi kelima orang petapa (yang sering disebut sebagai Pañcavaggiya), yaitu Kondañña, Bhaddiya, Vappa, Mahānāma, and Assaji dari kelompok brahmana, yang sebelumnya telah melayani beliau selama melakukan tindakan tapa yang teramat keras, yang akhirnya beliau tinggalkan, di Taman Rusa di Isipatana, Benares.
Ceramah Pertama
Kemudian, Sang Buddha membabarkan ceramah atau doktrin pertama-Nya kepada mereka. Doktrin yang termasyur itu diberi nama “Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta,” Ceramah tentang Pemutaran Roda Dhamma.” (VT: 52-54; SN V.56.12; MN 141). Hari penting tersebut tetap dirayakan oleh Buddhis di seluruh dunia sekarang sebagai Hari Ᾱsāḷhā.
Bhikkhu Pertama di Dunia
Halaman 54 Vinaya Piṭaka mencatat bahwa setelah ceramah pertama itu, YA Kondañña mendapatkan Mata Dhamma (Dhammacakkhu), mohon dan menerima status pabbajjā (meninggalkan keluarga dan menjadi orang yang tanpa rumah atau hidup sebagai petapa) sebagai sāmanera atau calon bhikkhu dan bhikkhu upasampadā (penahbisan sebagai bhikkhu) dari Sang Buddha sehingga menjadi bhikkhu yang pertama di dunia.
Lima Orang Bhikkhu Pertama di Dunia yang membentuk Saṅgha
Beberapa saat kemudian keempat orang petapa lainnya juga mendapatkan Mata Dhamma dan mengikuti jejak YA Kondañña. Dengan demikian, para petapa itu menjadi lima orang bhikkhu Buddhis pertama di dunia dan dengan demikian, membentuk Bhikkhu Saṅgha. Karena itu, Sang Tiratana (atau Triratna dalam bahasa Sansekerta, atau Tiga Permata, yaitu Sang Buddha, Dhamma dan Saṅgha) terbentuk.
Five First Monks (Pañcavaggiya) and the Establishment of the Tiratana (the Three Jewels, or the Triple Gem))
Two months after His Great Enlightenment on the full moon day of Ᾱsāḷhā (July; Sanskrit:
Āşādha), the Buddha approached the five ascetics (often called as Pañcavaggiya), Kondañña, Bhaddiya, Vappa, Mahānāma, and Assaji of the brahmin clan, that used to attend on Him while He was undertaking extreme ascetic austerities, which He subsequently abandoned, at the Deer Park in Isipatana, Benares.
First Sermon
Then, the Buddha delivered His first discourse or doctrine to them. This famous doctrine is called “Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, Discourse on the Turning of the Wheel of Truth.” (VT: 52-54; SN V.56.12; M 141). The momentous day continues to be commemorated by Buddhists around the world today as the Ᾱsāḷhā Day.
First Buddhist Monk in the World
Page 54 of the Vinaya Pīṭaka (or the Monastic Discipline Basket of Books) records that after the first sermon, Kondañña requested and received the lower and higher ordinations from the Buddha and, thus, becoming the first Buddhist monk in the world.
First Five Monks in the World to form the Sangha
Some time later the other four ascetics obtained the Dhamma Eye and followed suit. Hence, the ascetics became the first five Buddhist monks in the world and, thereby, forming the Order of Monks, Saṅgha. As such, the Tiratana (or Triratna in Sanskrit; the Three Jewels, or the Triple Gem), that is, the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṅgha, was constituted.
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Ditulis oleh Rama Tjan Sie Tek, M.Sc., Penerjemah Tersumpah (www.tjansietek.com),
Sāsanadhaja Dharma Adhgapaka, Rohaniwan Buddha Kementerian Agama
